A Society Of Family Life - 992 Words

‘A Society of Family Life’ (The Changing Nature of Childhood) by Deborah Chambers explores further into post-divorce families and the impact of new media, discovering the effects it has on young people and children in family homes. Chamber’s also addresses aspects such as race, ethnic identity and gender comparing individual values to cultural customs of today’s society and the diversity of family life. This paper will mainly review post-divorce outcomes involving financial and social criteria controlling divorce in different societies, the influential responses formed by children and young people and raising tensions between parents and children due to use of new media. Within the article, Chamber’s expresses the range of diversity seen in family life, especially valuing the different cultures involved. Her in-depth analysis of class, consumption and childhood explores further into the changing era of families, whether this includes divorce, media or past ideas of children should be seen not heard. To support this, Chamber’s cites cultural capital is a resource or set of values and knowledge referring to the educational and cultural assets imparted by families to their children ensuring they develop social mobility. In agreement to this, Bandura (1977) mentioned by Hunter-Jones (2014) believed children are thought to learn from their parents through the process of observation and imitation. Chamber’s includes a range of theories and research to expand and develop her viewsShow MoreRelatedThe Changing Nature of Family Life in Contemporary Society Essay3339 Words   |  14 PagesThe Changing Nature of Family Life in Contemporary Society From first attempts to transfer Horror fiction from the page to the silver screen, there have been moral panics in response to the horror genre. In 1973, The Exorcist (directed by William Friedkin, US, 1973) provoked outrage, and sections of the movie had to be removed in response to worldwide complaints and panic as to the overtly sexual and violent nature of its content, not to mention accusations of religiousRead MoreAlcohol Dependence Syndrome Threatens And Affects The Individual, Family Life And Society769 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol dependence syndrome threatens and affects the individual, family life and society in numerous, adverse ways. It is characterized by the physical desire to consume alcohol beyond the capacity of control and is considered a chronic disease. Alcoholism is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2015), despite all the focus on illegal drugs of abuse such as cocaine, alcohol remains the number one drug problem in theRead MoreHow Has the Nature of Family Life Changed in Australia over the Past 50 Years and What Impact Has This Had on Australian Society ?1026 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 14 2013 How has the nature of family life changed in Australia over the past 50 years and what impact has this had on Australian society ? Society and culture The nature of family life in Australias has changed over the past 50 years mainly due to advances in technology, changes in gender roles and also because of who has power and authority in todays modern families. As a result of these changes, Australias society has been impacted in many ways. For example, there has been anRead More Is Modern Society Really Great? Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesIs Modern Society Really Great? All our lives we have been taught that change is good, but perhaps we should begin questioning our knowledgeable teachers. All non-western countries are changing today. They too are leaving behind traditional society and making the adjustment to Modern Society. Modern society is very different from traditional society. Traditional society had a low level of urbanization; in fact, 95% of the people lived in agricultural and rural areas. These areas were basicallyRead MoreOutline Discuss the Function of Families in Contemporary Uk Society1512 Words   |  7 PagesOutline discuss the function of families in contemporary UK society The definition of the term ‘family’ has somewhat gone through radical changes over the past few decades in the UK, some 30 years ago a family was defined as being father, mother and children. Some referred to this as the â€Å"cereal box family† as this was typically the type of family to be shown on television commercials for cereal. This stereotype is more correctly known as the nuclear family, however changes over the years hasRead MoreThe Lie Society s Living980 Words   |  4 Pagesbut is this an accurate representation of our society life today? Is it men who is still the head of the house or has society changed throughout the years? Is the struggle of women being seconded with making decisions a valid point? Stephen Marche’s article â€Å"Home Economic: The Link Between Work-Life Balance and Income Equality† presents the argument that the major struggle in domestic life â€Å"isn’t men versus women or mothers versus fathers; itâ€℠¢s the family against money† (1). Marche’s ideas in the articleRead MoreAssessment of the Usefulness of Functionalism in Understanding the Family1223 Words   |  5 PagesUsefulness of Functionalism in Understanding the Family Functionalism is a structuralist theory. This means it sees the individual as less important as the social structure of society. It is a ‘top down’ theory. The family can be defined as an intimate domestic group composed of people related to each other by blood, sexual relations and legal ties. When assessing how useful functionalism is when looking at the family, other views/perspectives need to be taken intoRead MoreOutline and Evaluate the View That the Family Diversity Has a Positive Impact on Society (33 Marks).961 Words   |  4 Pagesdiversity as having a positive impact on society. For example women no longer aspire exclusively to romantic love, marriage and children. Premarital sex, serial monogamy, cohabitation, economic independence, single sex relationships and childlessness are now acceptable alternative lifestyles. Men’s roles too are no longer clear cut in postmodern society resulting in a ‘crises of masculinity’ and this has led to men redefining both their sexuality and family commitments. Therefore Beck and Beck-GernsheimRead MoreEssay on The Functionalist View of the Family565 Words   |  3 PagesThe Functionalist View of the Family It is undoubted that functionalism has contributed to the general understanding of the family, even if you don’t believe the functionalist view-point to be correct, it still plays an essential part in the topic of sociology by simply being there to conflict the Marxist view of the family. The functionalist view of society makes the assumption that every society has a range of basic needs. Functionalists would say that if Read MoreValue of a Human Life1400 Words   |  6 PagesValue of a Human Life What is an individual worth in currency? From birth an individual is worth something. Individuals tend to value life with emotion and ethics. Money is not usually placed into the equation of valuing human lives when one thinks about it. Society however, is all about money. People are life and it costs to live. There is always a need for money in life and society acknowledges that. Death is the absence of life, so what is the end value of an individual when life is over? This

Why Volatility Diminishes As Pension Funds Investments On...

Thomas, Spataro and Mathew (2014) test whether volatility diminishes as pension funds investments in stock increases. The hypothesis was pre-defined and clearly mentioned at the beginning of the study in an easy understandable way. To test hypotheses, they use a panel data of 34 OECD countries with specific time range from 2000-2010. They determine the independent variable which is equity market volatility and several dependent variables including the ratio of pension funds assets invested in shares and pension funds assets invested at the country level, average volatility of all OECD countries, value of stocks, inflation rate, income level per capita and the ratio of public debt to GDP. They have identified the variables what may have an impact on the volatility of stock market and give clear and detailed information on why these variables were included in the model. Data also has been described and reported by measuring central tendency of the data. A main descriptive statistics of the variables used in the model shown below. The descriptive statistics includes number of observation, mean, standard deviation and range. The most popular measure of central tendency is mean, which reports the average of variables. In this study mean represents an average value of each variable among 34 OECD countries with 374 observations in total. On the basis of those averages further tests were performed. Median is another measure of tendency, which represents the middle point but hasShow MoreRelatedTechnical Interview Guide22795 Words   |  92 Pages................................................. 23 Advanced ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Stocks ............................................................. ................................................................................................................................. 31 Basic ..............................................Read MoreTen Ways To Create Sharholders Value Alfred Rappaport8372 Words   |  34 PagesRappaport identifies 10 powerful practices. First among them: Don’t get sucked into the short-term earnings-expectation game—it only tempts you to forgo value-creating investments to report rosy earnings now. Another practice: Ensure that executives bear the same risks of ownership that shareholders do—by requiring them to own stock in the firm. At eBay, for example, executives have to own company shares equivalent to three times their annual base salary. eBay’s rationale? When executives have significantRead MoreValuation Multiples16730 Words   |  67 Pages............................................................... 3 — Advantages/Disadvantages of Multiples ........................................... 3 — Enterprise versus Equity Multiples ................................................... 5 — Why Multiples Vary......................................................................... 5 gillian.sutherland@ubsw.com Zhen Deng +1-212-713 9921 zhen.deng@ubsw.com — Choosing the Pricing Date...............................................Read MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 PagesAcquisitions Current Issues Edited by Greg N. Gregoriou and Karyn L. Neuhauser MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Also edited by Greg N. Gregoriou ADVANCES IN RISK MANAGEMENT ASSET ALLOCATION AND INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENTS DIVERSIFICATION AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT OF MUTUAL FUNDS PERFORMANCE OF MUTUAL FUNDS Mergers and Acquisitions Current Issues Edited by GREG N. GREGORIOU and KARYN L. NEUHAUSER Selection and editorial matter  © Greg N. Gregoriou and Karyn L. Neuhauser 2007 Individual chaptersRead MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11320 Words   |  46 PagesInflation and Deflation I INTRODUCTION Inflation and Deflation, in economics, terms used to describe, respectively, a decline or an increase in the value of money, in relation to the goods and services it will buy. Inflation is the pervasive and sustained rise in the aggregate level of prices measured by an index of the cost of various goods and services. Repetitive price increases erode the purchasing power of money and other financial assets with fixed values, creating serious economic distortions andRead MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11309 Words   |  46 Pagesand Deflation I INTRODUCTION Inflation and Deflation, in economics, terms used to describe, respectively, a decline or an increase in the value of money, in relation to the goods and services it will buy. Inflation is the pervasive and sustained rise in the aggregate level of prices measured by an index of the cost of various goods and services. Repetitive price increases erode the purchasing power of money and other financial assets with fixed values, creating serious economic distortions andRead MoreMultinational Business Finance 10th Edition Solution Manual41185 Words   |  165 PagesCorporate Governance 8 9 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 Problem # 1.1: Shareholder Returns†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Problem # 1.2: Shareholder Choices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Problem # 1.3: Microsoft s Dividend†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... Problem # 1.4: Dual Classes of Common Stock†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Problem # 1.5: Corporate Governance: Minority Shareholder Control†¦ Problem # 1.6: Price/Earnings Ratios and Acquisitions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Problem # 1.7: Corporate Governance: Overstating Earnings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Problem # 1.8: Carlton Corporation s ConsolidatedRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManaging Change 121 121 147 147 Text 3. Why Organizations Change Text Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 14. Initiating Change 174 174 Text iii Cases 221 221 225 The Consolidated Life Case: Caught Between Corporate Cultures Who’s in Charge? (The)(Jim)(Davis)(Case) Morin−Jarrell †¢ Driving Shareholder Value I. Valuation 229 229 253 279 1. The Value−Based Management Framework: An Overview 2. Why Value Value? 4. 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Mommy Always Said free essay sample

Seventeen isnt a monumental age. It never has been, aside for the prodigies and geniuses out in the world. At this point, theyve already accomplished the impossible. Im not a prodigy. Im not a genius. Ive never invented anything, nor am I likely to become world-renowned or end up in a future generations history book. But, I am a dreamer. Throughout the entirety of my life, Ive dreamed, just like everyone else. As a toddler, I dreamed of being queen of the world and having tea parties with all my stuffed friends: Mr. Bear, Snowy, and Mommy Sheep. My water-filled, pink plastic tea cups endured many a tea party and my fashionable dresses carried me into my school years. In first grade, I dreamed of being a bus driver, because I wanted to prove to my mean, old bus driver, Mr. Daryll, that you didnt have to yell at small children to get them to cooperate. We will write a custom essay sample on Mommy Always Said or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To my very best ability, I drew myself a canary yellow bus with lopsided tires and fashioned myself in the front seat. I took it home to show my mother, who told me for the first of many times, â€Å"You can be anything you want to be when you grow upexcept for a cosmetologist.† Of course, she had to explain to me what that was, â€Å"Thats what mommy is. Thats just a big word for people who cut hair.† As the years went by, my aspirations began to mature. In fourth grade, I was trying to get in with the â€Å"cool† girls. The ones who wore the latest stuff from Limited Too, because they were too old for Childrens Place. They didnt listen to country, so I didnt listen to country. They were also drawing clothes that they wanted to make when they were older. They wanted to be fashion designers, so I wanted to be a fashion designer. I started drawing the clothes, as well, and we talked about sending our designs to our favorite store. I took the drawings home to my mom, and told her that I wanted to be a fashion designer. â€Å"You can be anything you want to be when you grow upexcept for a cosmetologist.† Throughout the rest of elementary school, I was inspired to be many things. Science and math were always my favorite subject, and reading and painting were my favorite hobbies. In a time when it was â€Å"cool† to be smart, I wanted to be an astronaut and a biologist, so I could tell someone that I touched a star and visited the land of sea lions and penguins. I dreamed of being an author and a librarian, so I could tell the stories teeming in my imagination and immerse myself in a land of fairy tales and science fiction. I wanted to illustrate my own books, and become a famous painter, right up there with Leonardo da Vinci and Monet, though my paintings were little more than subpar. After all, I could be anything I wanted to be when I grew upaside from a cosmetologist. Middle school, and my dreams are hidden from others. Boyfriends are more important than brains, now. If you arent dating, you arent â€Å"cool†, so I was left behind with the other kids not looking for pre-pubescent love. Science, English, and art classes were still held close to my heart; I wanted more than anything to be a marine biologist and an author on the side. Painting and drawing became an expressive outlet. And with every painting, science project, and English assignment I brought home, accompanied with my troubled, pre-teen mind, I was encouraged to see past the ignorant necessity of â€Å"love† and chase after my dreams. Besides, I could be anything I wanted to be when I grew upaside from a cosmetologist. Junior high was littered with striving to get straight As, spending my free time reading the suggested, senior level books from teachers, and watching crime shows on AE. Id learned by now that being smart was important to me, especially after entering the gifted program, so I decided to leave my old friends behind. The library was my favorite place in the world, and now I was dreaming of pursuing a career in forensics and criminology. â€Å"CSI: Miami† glorified the life of a forensic scientist, and I wanted more than anything to be the one who helped put criminals in jail. The life of the criminologist was the life for me, because I could be anything I wanted to be when I grew upexcept for a cosmetologist. And now, its my senior year. My life has changed dramatically over the past four years; being encompassed by dramatic minds and trivial problems while still trying to shoot for the stars is never the easiest thing. Im not the first to do it, and I certainly wont be the last. This year revolves around a heavy class schedule, frequent visits to the counselor, and a desperate attempt at trying to pin the college right for me. I spend hours researching colleges and scholarships, hoping to be able to afford my desire for an education. I rely on the little things to pull me through: my best friend, reading, and Rubiks cubes. Now, I dream of going far places, outside of my poverty-filled town called Hollister. I dream of becoming a medical examiner and restoring order in peoples lives. I aspire to make a difference in a life of pain and suffering, to provide answers to those who need them. Whether it be the world or one person, all that matters to me is that I can make a change or inspire someone else. Because everyone deserves to dream. Because anyone can truly become what they want to be when they grow upeven if it is a cosmetologist.

The Relationship Between Shelia and Mrs. Birling in ‘an Inspector Calls’. Essay Essay Example

The Relationship Between Shelia and Mrs. Birling in ‘an Inspector Calls’. Essay Essay Research how Priestly presents and develops the relationship between Shelia and Mrs. Birling in ‘An Inspector Calls’ . Priestly uses duologue and phase waies to demo a nothingness between different coevalss. Although Mrs. Birling is Shelia’s female parent she still refers to her as a ‘girl [ s ] ’ . The audience can feel Mrs. Birling’s condescending tone and how she still retains the position that Shelia is an immature and nescient ‘girl [ s ] ’ even though she is a to the full grown grownup who will shortly be wed. This is dry as it is in fact Mrs. Birling who is the nescient character in the drama when she states that Eric and Shelia are ‘over-tired’ and will ‘be as diverted as’ the older Birlings are in the forenoon. but the audience know this is false and the younger coevals of Birlings have matured and learnt far more than their seniors. Priestly genuinely shows Shelia’s development and adulthood as she changes her address term for Mrs. Birling from ‘mommy’ to ‘mother’ . We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Shelia and Mrs. Birling in ‘an Inspector Calls’. Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Shelia and Mrs. Birling in ‘an Inspector Calls’. Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Shelia and Mrs. Birling in ‘an Inspector Calls’. Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The usage of the word ‘mother’ is much more degage and formal and suggests Shelia has broken out of the conformance of her mother’s denigration sentiments. In this short infinite of text Priestly reveals Shelia as an adaptable and developing character in the drama. To both a modern twenty-four hours and 1945 audience. naming an engaged adult females a ‘girl’ is pathetic and patronizing. but so once more Shelia is a spoiled ‘mummy’s’ miss to get down with. Priestly is demoing how the younger coevals must lift up and take their topographic point in society alternatively of staying spoon Federal and ignorant. It takes a large event. Eva Smith’s decease. for Shelia to gain this but to a 1945 audience this would vibrate as with the wake of a war in forepart of them and ‘millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths’ who died in that really war. priestly portrays that this is a better clip than any to take the reins. This suggests. to promote societal alteration. Priestly believes people need to be able to accommodate and alter their thoughts like the younger coevals in the text. Priestly generates tenseness and struggle between Shelia and Mrs. Birling by making Irony. When Shelia says ‘what do you intend by stating that? You talk as if we were responsible’ . this will subsequently go dry as Shelia is the character that focuses on and learns the most from the fact the household ‘were responsible’ . This denotes a self-conflict and development in Shelia’s character as she breaks off from her mother’s positions and becomes ‘responsible’ for her actions. Here Priestly is demoing the audience how we should look at ourselves instead than fault person else or disregard the effects as Mrs. Birling does. The divide between socialist and capitalist positions is emphasised by the apposition of ‘you’ and ‘we’ . the reiterates the older Birlings’ introverted doctrine and their denial to populate in a wider community but alternatively their desire ‘for a adult male to mind his ain business’ and go on to deny duty. Priestly uses duologue to show and develop dependence in the relationship between Shelia and Mrs. Birling. When Sheila is warning her female parent about ‘building up a wall’ between her and Eva. her following utterance high spots Shelia’s consciousness to the Inspector’s methods and intent. ‘He hasn’t started on you yet. This indicative mood is written in italics which in a drama would let an histrion to redact their tone and portray Priestly’s thoughts on coevals divide to the audience and emphasises how Shelia wants to protect her female parent from uncovering her egotistic and narrow minded positions. this allows the audience to place with her and see her as an surrogate hero in the drama. Here Priestly is demoing how the younger coevals are much more mature than many people think but lack the assurance to force through their thoughts and need the blessing and support of the older coevalss. With the war in 1945 societal alteration was inevitable as immature work forces and adult females were forced to function their state and take up their topographic point in society. throughout the drama priestly praises and encourages the young person of 1945. particularly adult females as they have a much more active function in society. through the characters of Shelia and Eric whom besides begin to take a base and gain their. potency and their value in society. Again Priestley’s duologue between Shelia and Mrs. Birling reveals tenseness at the bosom of their relationship. Despite being ‘very pleased with themselves’ the duologue and phase waies in the early pages of the drama suggest otherwise. When Shelia accuses Eric of being ‘squiffy’ Mrs. Birling responds. mentioning to her as a ‘girl [ s ] ’ . This conveys and immediate difference between the two females positions on societal etiquette. The exclamatory sentences Mrs. Birling uses reflect her daze and repulsive force that Shelia would utilize a conversational term such as ‘squiffy’ . The audience besides acquire an indicant that Mrs. Birling doesn’t regard Shelia as a adult adult female whose sentiments are valued. Shelia is a bride to be and is an grownup in her ain right nevertheless her female parent persists to utilize the instead take downing noun ‘ girl’ to depict her girl. Priestly is assailing the older coevals for compressing their children’s singularity and trying to make ringers of what he sees as a failing coevals. He expresses his belief that the authoritative phrase ‘children should be seen and non heard’ is exhaustively outdated and kids should be given a voice of their ain and be single.

The Teddy Bear essays

The Teddy Bear essays There are many variations of the story explaining the origin of the teddy bear. Some believe it was completely a German creation. Others believe it was American. Some say it was a combination of the two. Still, others think it started in England. The first story is that of Margarete Steiff, a woman born in Giengen, Germany in 1847. When she was only two, she contracted polio and spent the rest of her life in a wheelchair (Margarete). That didn't stop her from being productive. She loved children and they visited her often (The). One day, she noticed a pattern in a magazine for a toy elephant. She started making a few elephants and gave them as gifts to friends and neighbors. Childrem loved it! Then, she started making other animals like a poodle, a bear, and a donkey (Margarete). Her nephew, Richard had been fascinated with bears. He had been watching a family of brown bears at Nills Animal show and sketching their antics for his aunt (Origin). He also helped her with designing her stuffed bears. In 1903, he brought some of her bears to the famous Leipzig fair (Margarete). This is where the story would end for one who believed the bear's origins were only in Germany. But, on the last day of the fair, a man named Hermann Berg, a buyer from a New York firm called Geo Borgfeldt went to the Steiff stand. He'd been complaining that there was nothing new at the fair. Then, he saw the bear and knew there'd be a market for it in the U.S. He placed an order for 3,000 bears (Margarete). That very year, Theodore Roosevelt, (known as "Teddy" to close friends), had gone to the backwoods of Mississippi hunting for bears. Several days passed and he and the rest of the expedition hadn't caught a bear. The guide then found a little bear cub in the brush and presented it to the President. He refused to kill it and ...

Scottish Surnames Meanings and Origins

Scottish Surnames Meanings and Origins Scottish surnames as we know them today - family names passed down intact from father to son to grandson - were first introduced into Scotland by the Normans about the year 1100. Such hereditary names were not universally prevalent and settled, however. The use of fixed Scottish surnames (last names that didnt change with each generation) wasnt really in prevalent use until the 16th century, and it was well into the late 18th century before surnames were common in the Highlands and northern isles. Origins of Scottish Surnames Surnames in Scotland generally developed from four major sources: Geographical or Local Surnames - These are names derived from the location of the homestead from which the first bearer and his family lived, and are generally the most common origin of Scottish surnames. Most of the earliest people in Scotland to adopt fixed surnames were the nobles and great landowners, who were often called by the land they possessed (e.g. William de Buchan from Buchan, Scotland). Eventually, even those who did not own significant land started to use place names to identify themselves from others of the same name, adopting the name of the village or even the street where the family originated. Tenants often took their name from the estate where they lived. Thus, most of the earliest surnames in Scotland were derived from place names. Topographic surnames derived from vague geographical locations rather than specific places, also fall into this category. These names may refer to physical features such as streams (Burns), moors (Muir) or forests (Wood) or to man-mad e structures, such as a castle or a mill (Milne). Occupational Surnames -   Many Scottish surnames developed from a persons job or trade. Three common Scottish surnames -   Smith (blacksmith), Stewart (steward) and Taylor (tailor) - are excellent examples of this. Offices associated with the kings lands and/or hunting are another common source of Scottish occupational names - names such as Woodward, Hunter,  and Forest.Descriptive Surnames -   Based on a unique quality or physical feature of the individual, these surnames often developed from nicknames or pet names. Most refer to an individuals appearance - color, complexion, or physical shape  - such as Campbell (from  caimbeul, meaning crooked mouth), Duff (Gaelic for dark) and Fairbain (beautiful child). A descriptive surname may also refer to an individuals personality or moral characteristics, such as Godard (good natured) and Hardie (bold or daring).Patronymic and Matronymic Surnames -   These are surnames derived from baptismal or Christian names to indicate family relationship or descent. Some baptismal or given names have become surnames without any change in form. Others added a prefix or an ending. The use of Mac and Mc was prevalent throughout Scotland, but especially in the Highlands, to indicate son of (e.g. Mackenzie, son of Coinneach/Kenneth). In lowland Scotland, the suffix ​-   son was more commonly added to the fathers given name to form a patronymic surname. These true patronymic surnames changed with each successive generation. Thus, Roberts son, John, might become known as John Robertson. Johns son, Mangus, would then be called Mangus Johnson, and so on. This true patronymic naming practice continued in most families until at least the fifteenth or sixteenth century before a family name was eventually adopted that passed down unchanged from father to son. Scottish Clan Names Scottish clans, from the Gaelic clann, meaning family, provided a formal structure for extended families of shared descent. Clans each identified with a geographical area, usually an ancestral castle, and were originally controlled by a Clan Chief, officially registered with the court of the Lord Lyon, King of Arms which controls heraldry and Coat of Arms registration in Scotland. Historically, a clan was made up of everyone who lived on the chiefs territory, people for which he was responsible and who, in turn, owed allegiance to the chief. Thus, not everyone in a clan was genetically related to one another, nor did all members of a clan bear a single surname. Scottish Surnames - Meanings Origins Anderson, Campbell, MacDonald, Scott, Smith, Stewart... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Scottish last names? If so, then youll want to check out our list of the most commonly occurring surnames in Scotland, including details on each names origin, meaning, and alternate spellings.   TOP 100 COMMON SCOTTISH SURNAMES THEIR MEANINGS 1. SMITH 51. RUSSELL 2. BROWN 52. MURPHY 3. WILSON 53. HUGHES 4. CAMPBELL 54. WRIGHT 5. STEWART 55. SUTHERLAND 6. ROBERTSON 56. GIBSON 7. THOMPSON 57. GORDON 8. ANDERSON 58. WOOD 9. REID 59. BURNS 10. MACDONALD 60. CRAIG 11. SCOTT 61. CUNNINGHAM 12. MURRAY 62. WILLIAMS 13. TAYLOR 63. MILNE 14. CLARK 64. JOHNSTONE 15. WALKER 65. STEVENSON 16. MITCHELL 66. MUIR 17. YOUNG 67. WILLIAMSON 18. ROSS 68. MUNRO 19. WATSON 69. MCKAY 20. GRAHAM 70. BRUCE 21. MCDONALD 71. MCKENZIE 22. HENDERSON 72. WHITE 23. PATERSON 73. MILLAR 24. MORRISON 74. DOUGLAS 25. MILLER 75. SINCLAIR 26. DAVIDSON 76. RITCHIE 27. GRAY 77. DOCHERTY 28. FRASER 78. FLEMING 29. MARTIN 79. MCMILLAN 30. KERR 80. WATT 31. HAMILTON 81. BOYLE 32. CAMERON 82. CRAWFORD 33. KELLY 83. MCGREGOR 34. JOHNSTON 84. JACKSON 35. DUNCAN 85. HILL 36. FERGUSON 86. SHAW 37. HUNTER 87. CHRISTIE 38. SIMPSON 88. KING 39. ALLAN 89. MOORE 40. BELL 90. MACLEAN 41. GRANT 91. AITKEN 42. MACKENZIE 92. LINDSAY 43. MCLEAN 93. CURRIE 44. MACLEOD 94. DICKSON 45. MACKAY 95. GREEN 46. JONES 96. MCLAUGHLIN 47. WALLACE 97. JAMIESON 48. BLACK 98. WHYTE 49. MARSHALL 99. MCINTOSH 50. KENNEDY 100. WARD Source: National Records of Scotland - Most Common Surnames, 2014

Strategic Choice and Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic Choice and Analysis - Assignment Example Stephen Haines' Centre for Strategic Management has built a new strategic planning system based on systems thinking and calls it the 21st Century Yearly Strategic Management System and Cycle. This system moves beyond planning into implementation. It includes a Plan-to-Plan phase and a Plan-to-Implement phase. The steps include team building and leadership skill building as part of the planning. It also includes a parallel process whereby all key stakeholders are involved based on the premise that 'People support what they help create'. This process starts with a Futuristic Environmental Scan and defines the ideal vision in terms of mission, values and end outcomes that the organization wishes to set for itself. Only after the statement of such Ideal Future a Current State assessment based on SWOT is taken up to identify the gaps and make strategies to close the gap.As a result of their clients adopting this model, it was found that clients began developing the competitive edge and th e organization was much clearer on what their competitive "positioning" in market place was and found themselves moving positively in that direction, to the delight of their customers.(Haines,2004).Thus this process leans directly into the process of competitive strategy making as it includes environmental scan both-present and future and enables movement in the desired direction. However this system's parallel process is a very critical aspect and strategic management literature has a common view that good strategies grow out of ideas that have been floating around the firm, and initiatives that have been taken by all sorts of people in the firm. This resource must be drawn upon as frequently as required even in competitive strategy making. Thus a company's competitive strategy would concern primarily with its actions and plans for competing successfully - its specific and focused efforts to please clients, its offensive and defensive maneuvers to counter similar efforts of rivals, its responses to prevailing market conditions, and its initiatives to strengthen and improve its market position. Types of Competitive Strategies The generic competitive strategies and their standard objectives have been given in numerous strategic management literatures to include the following: (a) Overall Low-Cost Leadership Strategy: Its primary object is to find a sustainable cost advantage over rivals, using lower-cost edge as a basis either to under-price rivals and reap market share gains or earn higher profit margin by selling at going price. (b) Broad Differentiation Strategy: Its primary objective is to incorporate differentiating features that cause buyers to prefer firm's product or service over rival brands. Looking on the obverse side it implies that an organization must find ways to differentiate that create value for buyers and that such ways should not be amenable to easy copying and matching by rivals. An important differentiation strategy is not to spend more than the chargeable price premium, ever to achieve differentiation. This is in fact the theoretical